Teenage Drinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High school Drinking - Essay Example One contention for high school drinking depends on the way that at 18 years old people are as of now lawful grown-ups and can wed or get hitched, have a state in decisions through democratic, receive youngsters, drive vehicles, obtain premature births, serve on juries, fly planes, hold significant open workplaces, serve detainment and even the death penalty and sue or be sued in court, yet they can't drink until they are 21 years of age. This must be named as false reverence particularly thinking about that one gains a driving permit at 16 years and can be endowed with a firearm for chasing at the young age of 12 years while they can't be depended with drinking (Hanson). There is likewise the view that denial of high school drinking openly puts has brought about adolescents covering up and drinking in unaided places and amplifying such open doors through hard-core boozing which has far genuine wellbeing impacts. Bringing down the drinking age may have the impact of evacuating the no- no tag on liquor and consequently expel the rush that drives young people towards liquor and violating the law. This will bring about diminished hitting the bottle hard and moderate adolescent liquor utilization (ProCon). Bryson says something regarding the discussion with the view that at the age of 18 one can speak to the nation in war as well as work at a lager/wine/alcohol refinery other than claiming a bar among various other grown-up rights and opportunities, for example, covering expenses, act and access erotic entertainment, take part in business sex exercises in certain states, sign legitimate agreements and pursue most political positions while being illegal to drink. This is equivalent to rewarding the grown-ups of 18-20 years as peasants. Other than all these, the drinking limitation has not filled its need as confirm by the measure of relentless drinking happening at school level. Studies likewise show that there are no huge contrasts in hurt brought about by liquor bet ween a multi year old and a multi year old. Contentions against Teenage Drinking: Alcohol drinking has been appeared to have genuine clinical entanglements in young people particularly when they participate in hitting the bottle hard. These incorporate mind harm which is an outcome of the neurotoxicity of utilization of a lot of liquor and fears are that such cerebrum harm might be irreversible. Near examinations show that drinking young people have disabled memory and restricted intellectual aptitudes when contrasted with non-drinking ones. Teenager’s mind isn't fundamentally completely grown thus young people are at higher dangers of harm in contrast with grown-up cerebrums (IAS 3; CADCA 1; Trudeau). Johnson (2) recognizes liquor as a significant supporter of adolescent wrongdoing expressing that such youngsters are bound to hold up under firearms and other weaponry, harm property, submit assault and ambush among other rough lead and unlawful acts. A firmly related result o f young drinking is taking part in maltreatment of different medications including medications, for example, pot, inhalants, cocaine and smoking (CDC Factsheet; Hitti). Such medications make issues with the law as well as wellbeing and mental issues nearby drop in execution in schools. This is a situation which brings about traverse young people which alluding to adolescents causing worries over different frameworks, for example, directing, adolescent criminal equity, instruction and wellbeing.

Tips on How to Whiten Teeth with Banana Peel Essay Example

Tips on How to Whiten Teeth with Banana Peel Paper The flexibility of banana itself and its strip goes far. Beside the way that banana is loaded with nutrients and minerals, and is utilized in excellence routine, its strip is likewise used from various perspectives; from healthy skin routine, to compost and now to brighten teeth. Utilizing banana strip as teeth brightening is considered very protected and sound since it isn't just the tissue of the banana that contains nutrients and minerals yet the strip too. Banana strip has no coarseness that other normal whiteners have and above all else they are not expensive. Tip #1: Unpeel the Banana from Bottom End Brighten Teeth with Banana PeelBrush your teeth that way you do routinely with normal toothpaste or you can use the banana strip at first and hence brush your teeth again utilizing your standard toothpaste. It is significant that you use ready banana since it has the most potassium content. We will compose a custom article test on Tips on How to Whiten Teeth with Banana Peel explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Tips on How to Whiten Teeth with Banana Peel explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Tips on How to Whiten Teeth with Banana Peel explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Unpeel the banana from the base end simply like the manner in which the monkey do it so it will spare you from having each one of those leeway strings. Tip #2: Tenderly Massage Banana Peel on Teeth Get a bit of the inside piece of the banana strip and carefully knead all aroun your teeth for around two minutes. The astounding minerals inside the strip, for example, potassium, magnesium and manganese will be absorbed into your teeth and brighten them. Tip #3: Whiten Teeth with Banana Peel Do the comparable procedure again around evening time or before hitting the hay to brighten your teeth. Letting the banana strip stay longer isn't mandatory, however on the off chance that you have stains that require a progressively intensive method of treatment, you can take a stab at leaving the banana strip or rub on your teeth for a more extended period. Tip #4: White Teeth Smile It is significant that you ought to play out the banana strip course of treatment two times each day to see brightening of the teeth. When you had accomplished the reason, you would already be able to grin and offer your astonishing teeth brightening mystery. Tip #5: Whiten Teeth and Save the Leftovers of Banana Peel You don't need to dispose of past banana strips, you can spare them. They can turn into an amazing mineral compost for plants whenever dried up and squashed up and disperse on the dirt once consistently. Your plants will feel friendship for you in the event that you put regular manure on them. Extra Reminders Update 1: Bananas will have lengthier time span of usability on the off chance that you will drape them on banana rack in room temperature. Update 2: The odds and ends of banana strip can be cut and set inside the cooler for future use. Regardless of whether the shade of banana strip had just transformed, you can at present use it and the pieces can be used for manure. Update 3: It is critical to investigate first all brightening systems earlier endeavoring to utilize one on the grounds that there are loads of people who are currently experiencing difficulties from various teeth brightening techniques. Utilizing banana strip for teeth brightening may be the most normal intends to explore different avenues regarding. Why not attempt banana strip first as opposed to experiencing promptly grating methods for teeth brightening.

Overcoming Self-Doubt

Overcoming Self-Doubt There used to be this side of me that questioned every action I took, every word I spoke, every thought I had. I believed everything that occurred inâ€"and aroundâ€"my life was because of my actions, especially when it came to how other people felt about me. I thought I was in total control of other people’s emotionsâ€"my words and actions determined if they were happy, sad, angry, or discontent. I eventually realized I was not in control of how others feltâ€"not 100% in control, anyway. But how could I tell the difference between when I did and I didn’t have control over how others felt toward me? Let’s examine two extreme examples. Imagine I meet someone and give him a hug. This expression of kindness and love typically translates to just that: kindness and love. Now imagine I meet someone else and say, “Man, those skinny jeans make your butt look big.”  I wouldn’t ever say that, but this action translates, without a doubt, into something completely different. Let’s assume in the latter example my intentions were somehow good: perhaps I was attempting, inarticulately, to tell the person those jeans were simply not flattering. Irrespective of my intentions with either action, each one will draw a different response. The trouble I run into is when my actions are filled with good intentions, but the person interprets my actions in a different way. When this happens, I often sit and ask self-loathing, degrading questionsâ€"What did I do wrong? How did they misunderstand me? Why am I such a moron?â€"and I blame myself for being misunderstood. Here’s where I really confuse myself: sometimes I lay in bed at night recounting my day, and I suddenly recognize I could have approached a situation differently. Other times, I lay in bed and realize I couldn’t have possibly been any clearer, kinder, or more considerate, which leads to even more negative self-talk: People just don’t understand you. You’re weird and people don’t get you no matter how hard you try. If you acted differently, maybe that person would like you. We all care about how others view usâ€"sometimes too much. It used to be one of the only things that mattered to me, but I have been able to break this habit. I have been able to feel confident no matter how people treat me. I have been able to stop giving a damn about what people who don’t like me think. This is how I did it: First, I had to recognize the language I useâ€"the way I talk to myselfâ€"is crucial. When I experience negative emotions, it’s easy to beat the hell out of myself with my words and perpetuate negative thoughts. This never does any good: negative self-talk is demoralizing and destructive. So I found new questions to ask myselfâ€"I found new ways to talk to myself. I came up with different questions. Instead of disempowering questions, I now ask myself five clarifying questions: Did I have good intentions? Did I do my best to communicate the message? Was I as genuine as possible? Was I honest in the message I was communicating? Did I consider the other person’s feelings before I spoke? These questions help me determine, in a non-destructive way, if I need to rethink my approach. If I can answer yes to those five questions, then I needn’t feel remorse or confusion about why the other person did not understand my intentions. If I cannot answer yes, I explore new ways to communicate my message differently. Second, I had to tame my cynical side. Instead of destructive language, I now say things like, Ryan, not everyone is judging you. Sometimes people have a hard time accepting the truth, good or bad. Their misunderstandings do not make them or me wrong or badâ€"it was just a misunderstanding. Maybe the next time you see that person they will be in a different mood and see things in a new light. You can’t make everyone see your point of view or where you’re coming from. When I don’t agree with someone or when someone doesn’t agree with me, it doesn’t make them wrong or bad: it makes them who they are. It doesn’t make me crazy or a moron: it makes me who I am. As much as I’d like to find a connection with everyone, it isn’t realistic. Ultimately, the only person’s expectations I must meet are mine. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

The Effects Of Beauty Standards On Body Image - 1090 Words

The Effects of Beauty Standards Understanding the effects of beauty standards to both men and women requires research of both sexes and different orientations in regard to the influence the media has on them. While cultural standards contribute to beauty standards, media carries most of the responsibility for swaying public opinion of attractiveness. In order to find an answer as to why certain beauty standards currently exist, one must examine the root cause: media. Literature Reviewed First Group of Studies Media and Body Image. In order to prevent continued negative effects on body image by the media, it has been suggested that images that have been changed need to have labels to prevent body dissatisfaction (Slater et al., 2012). Wang et al. (2010) provided evidence that both men and women attempt to appear like the people portrayed in magazines. Men were influenced by health and sports magazines, whereas women attempted to look like the models in entertainment and fashion magazines (Wang, 2010). Participants in the Slater et al. (2012) study showed that warning labels may help prevent the negative effects of media images, as they portray an unrealistic ideal for the human body (Slater et al., 2012; Wang, 2010). Second Groups of Studies Body Dissatisfaction. The development of removing pubic hair is caused by body dissatisfaction, which relates to one’s choice, physical attractiveness, and other key themes (Braun et al., 2013). Originally a norm for Anglo/WesternShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media On Women s Body Image1242 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the social cultural aspects particularly influenced by the media is body image. A surprisingly large number of individuals, the majority of which are young women, develop their body image in with the ideas advanced by the media, which judge women’s attractiveness based on how thin they are. Body-image plays a very important role in our individualistic society. Modern beauty image standards which favor thin body image create an unrealistic expectation on young women, often resulting in eatingRead MoreSocial Media Has a Negative Effect on Body Image and Self Esteem1202 Words   |  5 Pagesprovided unrealistic standards as to wha t is considered beautiful in today’s society. As young people refer to these images as a form of comparison, it has created harmful circumstances. These influences on the lives of young people have forced them to take extreme measures and in some cases, has been the cause of death. Social media in today’s society has proven to have a negative impact on the way young people, specifically females, view their bodies. Unrealistic beauty standards, dangerous comparisonsRead MoreThe Beauty Standard On The Average Person1237 Words   |  5 PagesMonkey see, monkey do is an unfortunate saying that captures the effect of the beauty standard on the average person. Our culture and industry bombard us with images of women with features far from the norm. This has caused many women to look and compare themselves with a very unnatural image. Many have tried to replicate the model body they see, without considering the harm that it could cause. The beauty standard today is not what it should be because the industry is manipulative, it makes womenRead MoreMedia s Influence On Beauty Standards Of Women1213 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence on Beauty Standards of Women There are several types of social standards that are held in the world today. Among those standards are the beauty standards of how women should look. This is one of the most talked about topic of discussions today. It is safe to say that the media is the reason to blame for these undocumented sets of beauty standards that women should abide by because of the types of women that are portrayed through the media. The unrealistic beauty standards the media hasRead MoreSocial Norms Of A Female s Beauty And Body Image1234 Words   |  5 Pagessocieties standards of a women s beauty and body image has a direct effect on teenage girls, leading many to develop eating disorders such as anorexia. There are two main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both of these types are characterized as a major concern about one’s weight and shape in a negative way. Bulimia is categorized as binge eating or excessive consumption of food. What tags along with bulimia is aggressive and short tempered side effects. Of the twoRead MoreMedia s Representation Of Body Image1532 Words   |  7 Pagesthe media is body image, large number of young women and girls look up to people in the media and are influenced by the way they look. Now days you’re appraised on your attractiveness, the way you look, the way you dress, and especially how thin you are. The media’s representation of body image has contributed to the social trend of an unhealthy lifestyle. Women and young girls today are fixated on trying modify the way they look to achieve the perfect body image set by the standards of society. Female’sRead MoreBeauty: Human Physical Appearan ce and Women1306 Words   |  6 Pages Beauty Throughout these moments in time, the term beauty has slipped out of control and become something utterly dissimilar. The significance of beauty has developed into something so unappealing, so unpleasant, so repugnant, that even now society is coming to the apprehension that the way they are portraying the description of beauty is erroneous. Over time, ‘beauty’ has evolved to something rather peripheral. Being beautiful is turningRead MoreThe Influence Of Media Reporting On Society s Perception Of Beauty1730 Words   |  7 Pagesevident that over the last decade the media has created an image that is unrealistic and unattainable for teenage girls. As such, based upon a macro perspective, the societal roles, status and expectations of young women have been impacted negatively. This paper will analyze how the combination of media reporting, socioeconomics and sociocultural factors contribute to the development of eating disorders as well as how society s perception of b eauty has been distorted. This paper will further support theRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Standard Of Beauty1529 Words   |  7 Pageslist of everything she hates about her body, â€Å"I wish my stomach was flatter, my chest was bigger, my thighs were skinnier, my arms were more toned, and my waist was smaller.† She looks into the mirror, comparing her body to the bodies of her friends, celebrities and the images she sees in magazines. Alyssa does not look like all those girls and this makes her feel gross, insecure and out of place. Beauty standards are so high they create negative body images and women who hate the way they look. WomenRead MoreThe Current Trends Of Beauty Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagesportray the modern standard of beauty for both men and women. For men, this image is generally characterized as being over six feet tall, extremely muscular, having abs that appear to be chiseled into a six pack, and sparkly blue eyes. The image of beauty for women is d epicted as tall, having long, thick, blonde hair, a tall nose, and being thin yet incredibly curvy. These are the types of figures that are currently dominating the media. Because of the unrealistic beauty standards portrayed in popular

Reality Television Oxymoron Analysis - 1584 Words

The evolution of television content is currently steadily moving towards reality television shows. The shift from interest in fiction drama series to reality shows has turned the regular television viewers into addicted voyeurs. There have been diverse views on the effect of reality television shows ranging from support to criticism. George Will, in his article â€Å"Reality television: oxymoron† believes that reality television is making ordinary people degenerate morally and act stupid in the effort to please a disinterested audience. Reality TV shows are relying heavily on building extraordinary characters or events out of the norm and attract the attention of the audience. Kellner argues that the audience is enticed by â€Å"media constructs†¦show more content†¦Greif (par 8) argues that Rousseau, more than two decades ago had stipulated in his Letter to M. D’Alembert that the audience is more attracted to action that they spectators and do at the same tim e. This idea of ideal entertainment has been achieved to some extent by the emergence of reality shows which allows ordinary people who are identified by their common titles such as teacher, lawyer, plumber, journalist etc. competing against each other. Papacharissi and Mendelson (361) examine the notion of gratification among the audience watching reality television shows. They establish that apart from the one-off entertainment viewers get, they also gratify their psychological and social traits. Reality shows make use of ordinary people in doing extraordinary things such as surviving in harsh conditions, winning large sums of money, overcoming extreme fears among others. When ordinary people watch the actions of the participants, it becomes much easier for them to relate to them as their own representatives. Aslama and Pantti say that the shows resemble the political arena where the public vote in representatives to act on their behalf in the great stage of the nation (181). According to Aslama and Pantti, when the participants are placed in the â€Å"microcosmic community† they are given instructions and rules which mayShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of TV News Crime and Violence Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of TV News Crime and Violence Television news, due primarily to its obsession with crime and violence, definitely has a negative impact upon our society. TV news is basically an oxymoron; giving us the skin of the truth stuffed with a lie. A news program should be focused on the facts, with perhaps some objective analysis. However, for business purposes, TV news broadcasts use dramatic, usually violent stories and images to capture and maintain an audienceRead MoreThe Year 1978 By Maya Angelou1883 Words   |  8 Pagesvarious ways, the author will rise, they use different forms of similes to drive their point across. â€Å"But still like air ill rise,† and â€Å"but still like dust ill rise†, are two examples of this. To conclude, the main topic of this poem without any deep analysis is the rise of an individual who has ‘fallen’ because of harsh circumstances. 7.) In the beginning, history wants to establish a character as being twisted and using that to break them but the character does not break but will rise again. InsteadRead More Analysis of Virtual Reality Essay4226 Words   |  17 PagesAnalysis of Virtual Reality The term Virtual Reality (VR) is used by many different people with many meanings. There are some people to whom VR is a specific collection of technologies, that is a Head Mounted Display, Glove Input Device and Audio. Some other people stretch the term to include conventional books, movies or pure fantasy and imagination. However, for purposes of this research, we restrict VR to computer mediated systems. We would define Virtual Reality as a way for humans to visualizeRead MoreLinguistic Features of Language6234 Words   |  25 Pagesselection are on the phonological plane (phonemic variations). The possibilities of stylistic variations are not unlimited and some authors maintain that the importance of style is often overestimated (cf. ÄÅ'ermà ¡k 2001). 4.1 Phonetics/Phonology The analysis of connected speech identifies the constructional units on the phonetic/phonological plane which are either segmental - phones (realizations of abstract phonemes) and syllables (basic rhythmic al units), and suprasegmental (prosodic), which resultRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesthe last newspapers land on front process all over America. This is the prediction the author of ‘The Vanishing Newspaper’ †¦ †¢ Advent of tech has brought a radical change in the media industry †¢ No longer confined to reading news, watching television †¢ Click of mouse, people can access instantaneous info and news online †¢ Proliferation of online blogs and social networking sites such as Twitter threaten to make mainstream media a thing of the past †¢ But mainstream media adaptingRead MoreEssay about Phd Comprehensive Exam. in Leadership15004 Words   |  61 PagesThere seems to be almost universal agreement as to the epistemological and theoretical roots of each methodology. There is however, substantial disagreement as to the appropriateness of one methodology over the other. â€Å"The researcher’s view of reality is the cornerstone to all other assumptions, that is, what is assumed here predicates the researcher’s other assumptions† (Holden Lynch, 2004). Both quantitative and qualitative methodological purists â€Å"view their paradigms as the ideal for research†Read MoreMajor Functional Styles of English11680 Words   |  47 Pagesstyle. Universal, normative-stylistic character of the style-forming factor of a functional style (emotiveness, evaluation, rationality, imagery, logic, exactness) and their difference in accordance with the purport of communication. Functional analysis of the style-forming factors of a functional style \ V. Shneider\.. Problems of the Functional Styles Classification. Reasons for recognizing the style of fiction \ the belles-lettres style \ : pros and cons. Cons: the language of fiction is multi-stylisticRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16651 Words   |  67 Pages37 3.3. Relational Aspects of Advertising 39 3.4. Speech Acts in Advertising 41 3.5. Conclusion 44 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 49 Appendix 52 Introduction The subject of this research is the analysis of the language of advertising and its relation to social environment. The impact of advertising on the modern world is increasing and thus became a major area of study from a broad multidisciplinary approach. Sociology and psychology attempt toRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16638 Words   |  67 PagesAppeal 37 3.3. Relational Aspects of Advertising 39 3.4. Speech Acts in Advertising 41 3.5. Conclusion 44 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 49 Appendix 52 Introduction The subject of this research is the analysis of the language of advertising and its relation to social environment. The impact of advertising on the modern world is increasing and thus became a major area of study from a broad multidisciplinary approach. Sociology and psychology attempt toRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesmixer of ingredients. The ingredients in Borden s marketing mix included product planning, pricing, branding, distribution channels, personal selling, advertising, promotions, packaging, display, servicing, physical handling, and fact finding and analysis. E. Jerome McCarthy later grouped these ingredients into the four categories that today are known as the 4 P s of marketing, depicted below: Marketing decisions generally fall into the following four controllable categories: †¢ Product †¢ †¢ †¢

Brain Fingerprinting Technology Free Essays

BRAIN FINGERPRINTING TECHNOLOGY Mandar Ghate Department Of Computers, Padmabhushan Vasantdada Patil Pratisthans College Of Engineering mandarghate4@gmail. com Abstract— Brain fingerprinting is a new computer-based technology to identify the perpetrator of a crime accurately and scientifically by measuring brain-wave responses to crime-relevant words or pictures presented on a computer screen. Brain fingerprinting has proven 100% accurate in over 120 tests, including tests on FBI agents, tests for a US intelligence agency and for the US navy, and tests on real-life situations including felony crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on Brain Fingerprinting Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brain fingerprinting was developed and patented by Dr. Lawrence Farewell in 1995. Keywords— Perpetrator, MERMER methodology. INTRODUCTION Brain Fingerprinting is based on the principle that the brain is central to all human acts. In a criminal act, there may or may not be many kinds of peripheral evidence, but the brain is always there, planning, executing and recording the crime. The fundamental difference between a perpetrator and a falsely accused, innocent person is that the perpetrator, having committed the crime, has the details of the crime stored in his brain, and the innocent suspect does not. This is what Brain Fingerprinting detects scientifically. THE SECRETS OF BRAIN FINGERPRINTING Matching evidence at the crime scene with evidence in the brain: When a crime is committed, a record is stored in the brain of the perpetrator. Brain Fingerprinting provides a means to objectively and scientifically connect evidence from the crime scene with evidence stored in the brain. (This is similar to the process of connecting DNA samples from the perpetrator with biological evidence found at the scene of the crime; only the evidence valuated by Brain Fingerprinting is evidence stored in the brain. ) Brain Fingerprinting measures electrical brain activity in response to crime-relevant words or pictures presented on a computer screen, and reveals a brain MERMER (memory and encoding related multifaceted electroencephalographic response) when, and only when, the evidence stored in the brain matches the evidence from the crime scene. The MERMER includes P300 brain response and also electri cally negative component, with an onset latency of approximately 800-1200ms. Thus, the guilty can be identified and the innocent can be cleared in an accurate, scientific, objective, non-invasive, non-stressful, and non-testimonial manner. MERMER Methodology: The procedure used is similar to the Guilty Knowledge Test; a series of words, sounds or pictures are presented via computer to the subject for a fraction of second each. Each of these stimuli are organised by the test-giver to be a â€Å"Target†, â€Å"Irrelevant†, or a â€Å"Probe†. The Target stimuli are chosen to be relevant information to the tested subject, and are used to establish a baseline brain response for information that is significant to the subject being tested. The subject is instructed to press on button for targets, and another button for all other stimuli. Most of the non-Target stimuli are Irrelevant, and are totally unrelated to the situation that the subject is being tested for. The irrelevant stimuli do not elicit a MERMER, and so establish a baseline brain response for information that is significant to the subject in this context. Some of the non-target are relevant to the situation that the subject is being tested for. These stimuli, Probes, are relevant to the test, and are significant to the subject, and will elicit a MERMER, signifying that the subject has understood that stimuli to be significant. A subject lacking this information in their brain, the response to the Probe stimulus will be indistinguishable from the irrelevant stimulus. This response does not elicit a MERMER, indicating that the information is absent from their mind. THE FANTASTIC FOUR!!!! The four phases of Brain Fingerprinting: In Fingerprinting and DNA Fingerprinting, evidence recognized and collected at the crime scene, and reserved properly until a suspect is apprehended, is scientifically compared with the evidence on the person of the suspect to detect a match that would place the suspect at the crime scene. Brain Fingerprinting works similarly, except that the evidence collected both at the crime scene and on the person of the suspect (i. e. in the brain as revealed by electrical brain response) is informational evidenc e rather than physical evidence. There are four stages to Brain Fingerprinting, which are similar to the steps in Fingerprinting and DNA fingerprinting: 1. Brain Fingerprinting Crime Scene Evidence Collection; 2. Brain Fingerprinting Brain Evidence Collection; 3. Brain Fingerprinting Computer Evidence Analysis; and 4. Brain Fingerprinting Scientific Result. In the Crime Scene Evidence Collection, an expert in Brain Fingerprinting examines the crime scene and other evidence connected with the crime to identify details of the crime that would be known only to the perpetrator. The expert then conducts the Brain Evidence Collection in order to determine or not the evidence from the crime scene matches evidence stored in the brain of the suspect. In the Computer Evidence Analysis, the Brain Fingerprinting system makes a mathematical determination as to whether or not this specific evidence is stored in the brain, and computes a statistical confidence for that determination. This determination and statistical confidence constitute the Scientific Result of Brain Fingerprinting: either â€Å"information present† (â€Å"guilty†)-the details of the crime are stored in the brain of the suspect-or â€Å"information absent† (â€Å"innocent†)-the details of the crime is not stored in the brain of the suspect. THE DEVICES USED IN BRAIN FINGERPRINTING BRAIN WAVES HOW IT WORKS A Suspect is tested by looking at three kinds of information represented by different coloured lines: —–Red: information the suspect is expected to know —–Green: information not known to suspect —–Blue: information of the crime that only perpetrator would know. NOT GUILTY: Because the blue and green. Lines closely correlate, suspect does not have critical knowledge of the crime GUILTY: Because the blue and red Lines closely correlate, and suspect has ritical knowledge of the crime. INSTRUMENTAL REQUIREMENTS 1. A personal computer. 2. A data acquisition board. 3. A graphic card for driving two computers from one PC. 4. A four channel EEG amplifier system. 5. Software developed by Brain Fingerprinting lab. CASE STUDIES TERRY HARRINGTON: [-0] Dr. Lawrence Farewell conducts a Brain Fingerprinting test on Terry Harrington. For the test on Schweer’s murder at U. S in 2001, the determination of Brain Fingerprinting was â€Å"information absent†, with a statistical confidence of 99. 99%. The information stored in Harrington’s brain did not match the scenario in which Harrington went to the crime scene and committed the murder. The determination of the Brain Fingerprinting test for alibi-relevant information was â€Å"information present†, with a confidence of 99. 99%. The information stored in Harrington’s brain did match the scenario in which Harrington was elsewhere (at a concert and with friends) at the time of the crime. JB GRINDER: [-1] Brain Fingerprinting testing was also â€Å"instrumental in obtaining a confession and guilty plea† from serial killer James B. Grinder. In August 1999, Dr. Farewell conducted a Brain Fingerprinting test on Grinder, showing that information stored in his brain matched the details of the murder of Julie Helton. Faced with a certain conviction and almost certain death sentence, Grinder then pled guilty to the rape and murder of Julie Helton in exchange for a life sentence without parole. He is currently serving that sentence and has also confessed to the murders of three other women. LIMITATIONS OF BRAIN FINGERPRINTING If, however, the suspect knows everything that the investigators know about the crime for some legitimate reason, then the test cannot be applied. There are several circumstances in which this may be the case. If the suspect acknowledges being at the scene of the crime, but claims to be a witness and not perpetrator, then the fact that he knows details about the crime would not be incriminating. There would be no reason to conduct a test, because the resulting â€Å"information present† response would simply show that the suspect knew the details of the crime-knowledge which he already admits and which he gained at the crime scene whether he was a witness or a perpetrator. Another case where Brain Fingerprinting is not applicable would be one wherein a suspect and an alleged victim-say, of an alleged sexual assault-agree on the details what was said and done, but disagree on the intent of the parties. Brain Fingerprinting detects only information, and not the intent. The fact that the suspect knows the uncontested facts of the circumstances does not tell us which party’s version of the intent is correct. Obviously, in structuring a Brain Fingerprinting test, a scientist must avoid including information that has been made public. Detecting that a suspect knows information he obtained by reading a newspaper would not be of use in a criminal investigation, and standard Brain Fingerprinting procedures eliminate all such information from the structuring of a test. Even in highly publicized cases, there are almost many details that are known to the investigators but not released to the public and these can be used as stimuli to test the subject for knowledge that he would have no way to know except by committing the crime. Brain Fingerprinting does not detect lies. It simply detects information. No questions are asked or answered during a Brain Fingerprinting test. The subject neither lies nor tells the truth during a Brain Fingerprinting test, and the outcome of the test is unaffected by whether he has lied or told the truth at any other time. The outcome of â€Å"information present† or â€Å"information absent† depends on whether the relevant information is stored in the brain, and not on what the subject says about it. Brain Fingerprinting does not determine whether a suspect is guilty or innocent of a crime. This is a legal determination to be made by a judge or jury, not a scientific determination to be made by a computer or a scientist. Brain Fingerprinting can provide scientific evidence that the judge and jury can weigh along with the other evidence in reaching their decisions regarding the crime. CONCLUSIONS Brain Fingerprinting is a revolutionary new scientific technology for solving crimes, identifying perpetrators, and exonerating innocent suspects, with a record of 100% accuracy in research with US government agencies, actual criminal cases, and other applications. The technology fulfills an urgent need for governments, law enforcement agencies, corporations, investigators, crime victims, and falsely accused innocent suspects. Additionally, if research determines that brain MERMER testing is reliable enough that it could be introduced as evidence in the court; it may be the criminal investigative tool of the future. REFERENCES [1]www. google. com[-2]. [2]www. brainfingerprint. org[-3]. [3]www. brainfingerprint. pbwiki. com[-4]. [-0] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File:BrainFingerprintingFarwellHarringtonTest2. jpg [-1] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File:BrainFingerprintingFarwellGrinder. jpg [-2] – http://www. google. com [-3] – http://www. brainfingerprint. org [-4] – http://www. brainfingerprint. pbwiki. com How to cite Brain Fingerprinting Technology, Papers

Cases in Digital Innovation and Transformation †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Cases in Digital Innovation and Transformation. Answer: Introduction This paper focuses on the research on the impact that perception has on customer satisfaction when it comes to consumption of goods and services. Research on the impact that perception has on customer satisfaction is identified and customer personas are made from the data collected. Customer journey maps are also generated using the data on customer research on the subject. The paper contains a research on Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. General market research is carried out the banks operations to help understand the operations of the company and the financial services industry in China (Oswald Kleinemeier, 2017). The information on customer behavior and the impact that perception has on customer satisfaction levels in this industry is determined and explained. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) is a Chinese Multinational banking company and it is the largest bank in world by Total assets. ICBC is also the most valuable bank in the world by market capitalization since February 2017. The company was formed in the year 1984 by the year 2015,it had assets worth US$3.616trilion (Solis, 2015). ICBC opened its first branch outside China in the year 1999 in Luxembourg. It later became the European headquarters of the bank in the year 2011. The company was made public in the year 2006 and it became the largest IPO at the time valued at US$21.9 billion. As at the year 2015,ICBC had approximately 3.5 million corporate customers and more than 170 million individual customers. The company serves corporate clients from across all sectors and industry including manufacturing, transportation, power, gas and water as well as construction industry. The biggest customer is the manufacturing industry followed by transportation, storage, and teleco mmunications industry. China`s banking system underwent significant changes between 1990s and 2000s. The banking system of China has become more like the banking system in the West. Before the 1990s banking in China was run exclusively by the state (Pijl, Lokitz Solomon, 2016). Over the previous two decades, the narrative has significantly changed since more private banks are emerging and more of the public owned banks have become autonomous. Financial and banking services in China are regulated by the Peoples Bank of China. The four biggest banks in China commonly referred to as the Big four are state owned and this shows that the banking industry in China is still largely controlled by the state. The four biggest state owned commercial banks include the China Construction Bank (CCB), Bank of China (BOC),The Agricultural Bank of China(ABC) and the ICBC (Kalbach,2016). The banks were formed through the introduction of commercial Bank Law in 1995 which helped in commercializing operations of state owned ban k. BOC specializes in foreign exchange transactions and trade finance. The CCB specializes in medium and long term specialized projects such as infrastructure an housing projects. ABC specializes in offering financing to the agricultural sector in China as well as offering wholesale and retail banking services to farmers. The policy banks in China banking and finance industry include the Agricultural Development Bank of China (ADBC), China Development Bank(CDB) and the Export-Import Bank of China (Chexim) (Diamond,2016). There are also various city commercial banks that are majorly owned by the local governments. Private investors also have a minority shareholding in these banks. The other significant players in China`s banking system is the Trust and Investment Corporations, County Banks, Credit and Deposit Insurance companies. Identification and illustration of customer personas Creating customer personas is very important for a company since it helps the organization offer tailor made services that help to improve the levels of customer satisfaction. The use of personas in business has increased in the recent past since organizations are facing growing demand for more personalized and tailor made services. Customers expect organizations to understand their tastes and preferences better and serve to meet their needs as expected. The personas help the organizations in understanding how customers behave and why they behave in such a manner and this enables brands to make changes in their operations which help them to improve customer satisfaction. ICBC serves different segments of the banking sector globally (Kalbach, 2016). In order to develop customer personas in different industries, it is important to segment the market of ICBC based on the industry in which a corporate customer is operating. Customer persona for individual customers is based on the data o n the behavior of individual customers conducted through market research. A persona of a company operating in the manufacturing industry is created based on the available primary and secondary data on that company. 361 degrees is a major designer and manufacturer of shoes and sports products in China. The company was first established in the year 2002 and the brand name,361 degrees was launched in 2004. The brand name represents 360 degrees of a circle plus an extra one degree which represents the professional functionality on which innovation and creativity is added (Barnes Kelleher, 2015). The characteristics of the company and its needs are analyzed to help ICBC understand its needs as a customer and hence improve customer satisfaction. 360 degrees may get services and products such as long term loans for expansion and investment, short term capital, cash deposit services. ICBC can also offer corporate mobile banking, corporate telephone banking, and corporate internet services (Wright Snook, 2017). Given that 360 degree has outlets in many countries across Asia and Europe, Internet banking services for the company can be tailor made to help customers from different countries pay for goods using a common paying method which is simple and convenient. 360 degree also needs corporate wealth management services. A company operating in different countries and especially through outlets that are not owned by the company needs to manage its wealth effectively and efficiently. ICBC can manage the manufacturing plants of 360 degrees to help cater ICBC should create a special profile for the company to help cater for all the corporate banking needs of 360 degrees which is a manufacturing company. ICBC can also receive deposits on behalf of 360 degrees (Information Resources Management Association. 2018). The deposits can be in form of payments made by different clients or the sale of assets. Persona profile for William Sam Customer name: William Sam Who is he? l 30 year old entrepreneur l He has been in restaurant business for the last 9 years l Location of business is Shanghai How he finds us? l Referral by friends l Advertisement by the company l Through our website Pain points l The business is privately owned l It has seven employees l He needs deposit services l He needs short term business loan to expand his business What he wants to know from us? l The interest rates charged on loans l Conditions for getting loans l Loan repayment policy l Interest on deposits What he does not want l The customer does not want high interest rates on loans Buying behavior of the customer l The customer deposits cash regularly l Most of the transactions by the customer are online l He takes huge risks in his business l Has a saving culture Persona profile for a company employee Name of customer: Who is he? l 47 year old marketing manager l Middle income level l He has a variety of personal investments How he finds us l Advertisement l Positive free publicity l Referral by other customers l Visiting the companies websites pain points l The business is privately owned l Salary account l He needs deposit services Customer preferences and personality l Likes tailor made banking and finance products l Uses mobile banking a for most of his transactions l Makes regular transactions involving deposits and withdrawals What the customer wants l High quality services l Internet banking products that offers customer convenience Why he is our customers l Low interest on loans l Wide range of personalized banking services l Loan terms depending on the customer history with the company. Poor communication with customer -Improvement in communication -effective Poor service delivery -Improvement in service delivery communi Unfavorably high interest rates on loans -Reduction in interest rates cation Irrelevant products -Tailor made products that favour -Good Inappropriate personal deposits -improvement in loan terms -High quality customer High business loan rates -Reduction in interest rates service Low rates on deposits -More favorable rates on deposits -Increased customer Complex internet transaction -easier online transactions satisfaction levels Difficulty in assessing credit - easy for clients to get credit -More referrals by the High hidden bank costs -reduction in costs of transactions customer Competitor analysis The Chinese banking industry is very competitive. One of the major competitors of ICBC is the Bank of China limited. The bank is also government owned and it offers the same products as ICBC. One of the metrics that is used to compare the two banks is the customer support services. ICBC has better customer support because it has online customer support system where the customers can be able to interact with the company and problems that they face are addressed (Cardoso, Fromm, Nickel, Satzger, Studer Weinhardt, 2015). The other metric is the problem resolution time. ICBC takes less time to solve problems that customers present to the company. This is because the company has an elaborate online automatic customer support system. ICBC also has a large number of staff working in the customer care department. Comparison with China construction Bank Limited; China Construction Bank Limited offers banking services mainly to the businesses in the construction industry. The customer support system of CCB is efficient and effective and it enables the company to become competitive and to offer specialized customer care services to different customers. This helps in improving the level of customer satisfaction. The time taken to solve customer problems is also a crucial determinant of customer satisfaction. Both competitors have focused on coming up with the right systems and programs to help improve customer satisfaction. This has been mainly by designing online customer self service websites where customers can be able to solve their problems without having to consult the company. Social media monitoring is one of the tools that can be used to monitor customer experience by ICBC. The company should establish social media accounts through which the company can get feedback regarding the experiences of customers when dealing with the company. Another tool is seeking for feedback directly from customers and avoid over-reliance on social media. Customers can be requested to fill feedback forms after they visit the bank or through the companies` website. Analysis of company information regarding customers is also an important tool for monitoring as well as the rinse and repeat technique. Conclusion From the analysis of the results of the study, it is clear that ICBC offers its customers high quality products and services compared to its customers. This has promoted the companies` growth beyond China and ensured that ICBC becomes the largest company in the world in terms of assets. ICBC has relied on technological innovation to improve customer satisfaction which is at the core of the success of any company in the banking industry. ICBC offers corporate customers mobile and internet banking and it was one of the first companies to offer these product. ICBC has been able to focus on satisfying customers in the corporate world by making it easy for them to open accounts and obtain big loans at highly competitive interest rates. The paper also discusses the profiles of different categories of customers, both individual and corporate customers and draws journey maps for both. References Cardoso, J., Fromm, H., Nickel, S., Satzger, G., Studer, R., Weinhardt, C. (2015). Fundamentals Of Service Systems. https://Rave.Ohiolink.Edu/Ebooks/Ebc/9783319231952. Barnes, R. A., Kelleher, B. (2015). Customer Experience For Dummies. Diamond, S. (2016). Content Marketing Strategies For Dummies. Information Resources Management Association. (2018). Mobile Commerce: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, And Applications. Http://Search.Ebscohost.Com/Login.Aspx?Direct=TrueScope=SiteDb=NlebkDb=NlabkAn=1540772. Kalbach, J. (2016). Mapping Experiences: a Guide To Creating Value Through Journeys, Blueprints And Diagrams. https://Search.Ebscohost.Com/Login.Aspx?Direct=TrueScope=SiteDb=NlebkDb=NlabkAn=1234236. Nielsen, L. (2013). Personas -- User Focused Design. London, Springer. https://Www.Books24x7.Com/Marc.Asp?Bookid=54139. Pijl, P. V. D., Lokitz, J., Solomon, L. K. (2016). Design a Better Business: New Tools, Skills, And Mindset For Strategy And I. John Wiley Sons. Oswald, G., Kleinemeier, M. (2017). Shaping The Digital Enterprise Trends And Use Cases In Digital Innovation And Transformation. Cham, Springer. Revella, A. (2015). Buyer Personas: How To Gain Insight Into Your Customer's Expectations, Align Your Marketing Strategies, And Win More Business. Solis, B. (2015). X: The Experience When Business Meets Design. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1002/9781119172529. Wright, T., Snook, C. J. (2017). Digital Sense: The Common Sense Approach To Effectively Blending Social Business Strategy, Marketing Technology, And Customer Experience.

My Window to the World free essay sample

I do not have weekly press conferences and I have never experienced paparazzi. I do not have my own column in a national newspaper and I do not have a forty minute segment on the news. But, I have a window. It is not much, but it is my window. I remember the first time I wrote on it. It was just a simple, â€Å"Hi Dad!† but every time he came home, he saw the message and smiled. One day, a woman stopped me while I was outside and asked me if I had written that; I said yes, and she smiled. She told me that it made her happy when children loved their parents the way I love my Dad. That’s when it dawned on me: the things I wrote on my window were seen by everyone who went by, and my words made a difference. Even if it was just a smile on a stranger’s face, my words had created that smile. We will write a custom essay sample on My Window to the World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page About a month later my neighbor, Tony, was deployed to Iraq. It was strange for me to have someone so close to home leave for the war. I remember wishing there was something I could do to at least let him know he was in our thoughts and prayers. So that is just what I did, I erased the greeting for my Father, and replaced it with a large yellow ribbon. I knew it was not much, but it made me feel better. Even if just one person drove by my house and said a little prayer for the troops, it made a difference. My window has evolved into my message board for the world. Some days it is just the simple word, â€Å"believe,† others it is an awareness ribbon, and still others it is a quote I find intriguing. There is something incredible about knowing that someone is reading my words everyday, and even if they just glance, even if they do not think twice about themmy ideas are out there. It does not matter if storms come and beat on the outside of the window, my words are protected. It does not matter if people disagree with what I have written and roll their eyes, my words are my words, and that is that. My window has shaped my life, just by simply holding my words with pride. On bad days, I come home and throw my belongings on my floor, but just before I start to feel ungrateful, I see the pink ribbon drawn on my window. Just like that, I am reminded that somebody out there has bigger issues than my own, somebody out there is in the fourth month of their last six, somebody is struggling, and yet, here I amfeeling angry because a boy had ignored me. The window is not only a message board from me to the world, but it is a message board from the world to me. Everyday it reminds me of the events I feel most strongly about. It is a daily reminder of who I am, and what I believe in. I am only seventeen, and I know that I have a lot more learning to do, but I also know that I can make a difference. I want to be a constitutional attorney so that my voice will continue to be heard. I want to touch peoples’ lives and have my words continue to make a difference. I think my little window on Zinfandel Avenue was a good start, but I have no intentions of letting that be the last the world ever hears from me.

Free Essays on Kashmir War

FROM THE PRECIPICE OF WAR TO THE PATH OF PEACE: A SYMPOSIUM ON KASHMIR CONFLICT QUEST FOR THE RATIONAL SOLUTION TO THE KASHMIR DISPUTE IN THE DIRECTION OF STABLISHING A LONG LASTING PEACE BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN The state of Jammu and Kashmir as it is officially called has been one of the oldest unresolved disputes in the post second world war era. The claim over this picturesque Himalayan state has been the bone of the contention between India and Pakistan, the two of the largest countries of South Asia. Both these countries were carved out of the former British India in 1947 and since then both of these neighboring countries have fought three wars over the disputed region. The Kashmir dispute is highly complex web of conflict of interests involving in both the countries. And what adds to this complexity is the highly heterogeneous composition of the regional, linguistic and religious demarcation of the people of the state. Even though the state is predominantly Muslim, it also has a substantial Hindu and Buddhist minority. The state has three major geographical regions. The largest of all is the Ladakh, which is a Buddhist majority part of the state with a Shiite minority. The Ladakh is the least populated of all the three regions. It is followed by Jammu, which is predominantly a Hindu majority region with a substantial Sunni minority. The smallest in area but the most populous part of the state is the Kashmir, which is an overwhelmingly Muslim. And on top of this, the state is unevenly divided among India, Pakistan and China. Roughly two-thirds of the state lies under the control of India and the rest is divided between China and Pakistan. The political significance of the state and the possible consequences of the dispute can also be gauged from the fact that apart from the India and Pakistan, it is also strategically located at the crossroads of the Muslim majority Xinjiang province of China, the new Islamicaly... Free Essays on Kashmir War Free Essays on Kashmir War FROM THE PRECIPICE OF WAR TO THE PATH OF PEACE: A SYMPOSIUM ON KASHMIR CONFLICT QUEST FOR THE RATIONAL SOLUTION TO THE KASHMIR DISPUTE IN THE DIRECTION OF STABLISHING A LONG LASTING PEACE BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN The state of Jammu and Kashmir as it is officially called has been one of the oldest unresolved disputes in the post second world war era. The claim over this picturesque Himalayan state has been the bone of the contention between India and Pakistan, the two of the largest countries of South Asia. Both these countries were carved out of the former British India in 1947 and since then both of these neighboring countries have fought three wars over the disputed region. The Kashmir dispute is highly complex web of conflict of interests involving in both the countries. And what adds to this complexity is the highly heterogeneous composition of the regional, linguistic and religious demarcation of the people of the state. Even though the state is predominantly Muslim, it also has a substantial Hindu and Buddhist minority. The state has three major geographical regions. The largest of all is the Ladakh, which is a Buddhist majority part of the state with a Shiite minority. The Ladakh is the least populated of all the three regions. It is followed by Jammu, which is predominantly a Hindu majority region with a substantial Sunni minority. The smallest in area but the most populous part of the state is the Kashmir, which is an overwhelmingly Muslim. And on top of this, the state is unevenly divided among India, Pakistan and China. Roughly two-thirds of the state lies under the control of India and the rest is divided between China and Pakistan. The political significance of the state and the possible consequences of the dispute can also be gauged from the fact that apart from the India and Pakistan, it is also strategically located at the crossroads of the Muslim majority Xinjiang province of China, the new Islamicaly...

Management in Brazil Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management in Brazil - Assignment Example Most of these firms operate under the economies of scale. There is no use of state of the art advance management practices. The situation is no different from the government owned large cooperation. Most of the managers in these co-operations are educated and come for the high social class group. The managers in these large co-operations act like their counterparts in smaller institutions, lack the necessary education in commensurate management. Issues to do with culture and business size limit are the limiting facts to management and are evident in most organization in Brazil. The family owned business the management is centralized around the family. In the middle level cooperation’s, there is no in between levels and the top management is by the owners of the business. The private organizations show very small levels of departments. The structure makes management in Brazil to be very authoritarian. The management is paternalistic and exploits employees mainly in terms of their security, safety and physiological needs. As a result, labor unions are becoming stronger and stronger each day that passes. The unions are advocating better employee working conditions and servicers. The above development has given rise to more firms adopting human and resource management. However, the department is limited to employees alone. Their role makes them to be viewed more as agents of the employees rather than a member of the managing team of the greater organization. The role of women in Brazilian firm’s management is limited. Women have been sideline in management and the main reason given by John Theodor is the Brazilian culture. There are also few women in the professions that are considered necessary to make top management position in an organization. The human and resource department also lack policies to encourage women to join the management as affirmative action. Existing managers in Brazil

MCA Denver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MCA Denver - Essay Example 2). The museum hosts exhibitions throughout the year and is an ideal meeting place for visitors and art enthusiasts to interact with the artists. Image 1: Fancy Work- Colonial Wall Sconce Currently, the MCA Denver museum is hosting an exhibition entitled, â€Å"Allison Smith: Piece Work,† which is a compilation of sculptures, braided rugs, and paintings by the noted Oakland-based artist (â€Å"Allison Smith: Piece Work,† par. 1). The artist has been praised for encouraging group participation with the visitors to learn the art of making braided rugs while they engage in discussions about the ancient wars. The artist has shown altruistic attitude by encouraging the public to learn arts and crafts, while sharing opinions about the brutal nature of war that leaves nothing but wounds, scars, and fatalities. One of the most conspicuous pieces of artwork by Allison Smith shows â€Å"Fancy Work- Colonial Wall Sconce,† which is a brilliant handmade wall sconce comprising steel, blown glass, acrylic mirror Plexiglas, and mixed media (â€Å"Allison Smith: Piece Work,† par. 3). The colors used in the braided rug pattern are appealing, and the mirrors reflect the light falling on their exotic placement.

Lufthansa airlines bankruptcy to profitable airline

Lufthansa airlines bankruptcy to profitable airline This report will take a closer look at the turnaround of Lufthansa airlines which went from near bankruptcy in 1991 to a now profitable airline. The evolutionary patterns of strategy and structure are identified in this report as well as how strategic leadership and German culture contributed to the turnaround. Furthermore, this paper will analyse the airline industry in terms of Porters five forces and will also take an extensive look at Lufthansas current situation by means of a SWOT and TOWS analysis. Additionally, Lufthansas business-level and corporate-level strategy will be identified and the Star Alliance, the worlds most important airline alliance, will be discussed in detail. 2.0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company Background The Lufthansa Aviation Group is considered to be one of the worlds leading air transport corporations. It includes a number of independent group and affiliated companies with business segments in passenger airlines, logistics, aircraft maintenance, catering, tourism and IT services. Lufthansas headquarter is located in Cologne, Germany and its operational centre for passenger and cargo services is situated in Frankfurt (Key data on environmental care and sustainability at Lufthansa 2002/2003). Lufthansa is 78 years old and has currently about 93,000 employees worldwide and in 2003-reported revenue of about 16 billion Euros (Lufthansa Key Figures 2003- see also Appendix I). In terms of traffic performance, Lufthansa is in third position in worldwide passenger transport. For many years the company has also been the market leader in international cargo traffic. In 2002, Lufthansas 368 aircrafts operated on routes to 327 destinations, carrying 50.9 million passengers and 1.63 million tons of airfreight. Lufthansa was also one of the founding members of the Star Alliance in 1997, when 16 partners joined into the worlds largest airline alliance (Key data on environmental care and sustainability at Lufthansa 2002/2003). 3.0 The Industry Background The organization also has to deal with cyclical risks. General economic fluctuations as well as geopolitical developments can have a large impact on the performance of the Lufthansa Group. As good examples serve the events of September 11, the Iraq conflict and the outbreak of SARS in Asia along with a stagnating global economy which seriously influenced the business activity of the entire airline industry in a negative way (Heerkens 2003). Lufthansa is also confronted with some capital market risks as its international business activities expose it to exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations in the international money, capital and also the foreign exchange markets (Zea 2003). A substantial threat is the price of fuel since fuel consumption remains one of the main cost items for the whole airline industry. In 2003, it contributed 7.6% to Lufthansas total operating expenses. Fluctuations in fuel prices can have a significant affect on the organizations operating result (Lufthansa Annual Report 2003). Furthermore there is the threat of higher costs of insuring Lufthansas fleet. Insurance costs increased dramatically after the events of September 11 and since then stayed at a very high level. The reason for that are the massive additional premiums that are being charged for insuring against war and similar events. In case of more wars and terrorist attacks the premiums are likely to increase even further (Zea 2003). There are also a number of infrastructure risks that Lufthansa will have to deal with. There are plans for an extension of the runway system at Frankfurt Airport, which is a major hub for Lufthansas operations, and is extremely important for the long-term competitiveness of the German airline. The extension project is also crucial for securing Frankfurt Airports future as an international air traffic hub, which also applies to the building of the maintenance hangar for the new Airbus A380 super jumbo that will be used from 2007 onwards. Nonetheless, a range of operational restrictions on extending the airport has recently been debated which would hinder its efficient use. In case a solution cant be found, Lufthansa would have relocate part of their business to alternative hubs. Additionally, bottlenecks in many European air traffic control systems cause many flight delays. The infrastructural limitations are a huge burden on the profitability of all European air carriers. On top of t hat, they are inhibiting the industry to keep up with the growing demand for air transport services (Lufthansa Annual Report 2003). There are also a few risks relating to the development of alliances. One of the foundations for Lufthansas commercial success was its integration into the Star Alliance, the worlds leading airline partnership system. Currently, many of the airlines worldwide are in a loss-making situation which, in the case of a few of Lufthansas partners like United Airlines and Air Canada, reached proportions that threatened their existence and also affects Lufthansa negatively. In regards to the Star Alliance, there are also challenges of coordinating and incorporating strategic activities like the establishment of a common global brand, a shared technology platform as well as joint training and personnel development (Lufthansa Annual Report 2003). Being part of the Star Alliance also poses the threat that Lufthansa might lose its identity. It is vital for them to preserve the Lufthansa brand (Bruch Ghoshal 2002). Labour unions are an additional threat; especially in Germany they have a lot of power. Labour unions can initiate strikes, which in the past have already led to delays of departures and substantial costs to Lufthansa (Steinborn 2003).   4.0 The Company Objectives Structural analysis of an industry is a useful way of determining a companys long-term profitability. Comprehending the dynamics of the competitive forces in an industry can give an insight whether an industry is attractive and whether there are any chances for returns on capital. Michael Porter, a professor at Harvard Business School, created a framework for understanding the structure of an industry. According to Porter, the five competitive forces that can have an impact on an industry are threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining powers of buyers, competitive rivalry, as well as the threat of substitutes (Analysis of industries 2003). 4.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threat of new entrants The threat of new entrants offers the possibility that new firms are going to enter the industry, which will consequently lead to a reduction of industry returns by generally passing more value to consumers in terms of lower prices and also increasing the cost of competition. Factors like economies of scale, capital requirements, product differentiation, access to distribution channels, switching costs as well as brand value determine the threat of entry (Analysis of industries 2003). From my point of view it currently seems very difficult to enter the airline industry as this area of business as well as the world economy is facing a period of recession. Due to large product differentiation the entry barriers are fairly high. There is a range of flag carriers, charter airlines as well as a number of low-fare airlines in the industry. All these different types of airlines offer an extensive range of products that seem to satisfy most customers needs. Additionally, entering the aviation industry requires very high capital investments because aircrafts, technical support and IT services need to be purchased or leased. This industry is also very labour and fuel intensive which requires a lot of funds. Companies with an interest in entering the market also require access to distribution channels. This means that it is necessary to gain trust within the industry so as to get access to take-off and landing spots. This can be quite challenging as national policies still p lay a major role in the aviation industry. Furthermore it is a requirement to obtain permission from governments to enter airspace. Moreover once the market is entered, it is very difficult to exit which raises switching costs to a high level. Throughout the last decade the market opened due to the deregulation policy, which provided low budget airlines with an opportunity to enter the industry. The first entrants like Ryanair and Easyjet utilized this opportunity and developed strong brand names due to their first-mover advantage. Airlines that recently entered the market that have a similar price and cost structure generally find it more difficult to generate the traffic that is required to fill the seats in their aircrafts (Jacob Jakesova 2003). All in all it can be said that the threat of new entrants is not that high in the airline industry in the current business environment. 4.2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bargaining power of suppliers Factors that are connected with the bargaining power of suppliers include the threat of forward integration as well as the concentration of suppliers in the industry. Supplier power decreases the ability for competitors in the industry to earn higher profits (Wheelen Hunger 2000, p. 64). The main suppliers within the airline industry are the manufacturers of aircrafts like Airbus and Boeing, fuel suppliers such as Shell, British Petroleum and Chevron Texaco. Furthermore there are technical support and IT services as well as the catering services. Suppliers are very concentrated in the airline industry as Boeing and Airbus supply most commercial fixed-wing aircrafts. The concentration of suppliers makes it difficult for the airlines to exercise leverage over the two manufacturers and negotiate lower prices or play one supplier against the other. Moreover, at the current stage, aircrafts for long distance travel cannot be substituted by any other product, which strengthens the bargaining power of the suppliers even more. Fuel providers have an excellent bargaining position as they can increase fuel prices without regarding the airlines as an important customer group. Forward integration, which is the expansion of a business products or services to related areas in orde r to directly satisfy the customer needs, is fairly low. The reason for this is that it can be assumed that neither aircraft manufactures, fuel providers nor technical support companies will purchase an airline and staff it with flight attendants, commercial pilots, a maintenance crew and operate flights across the world (Jacob Jaksova 2003). Nevertheless, the strong position fuel suppliers as well as the relatively strong position of manufacturers of aircrafts need to be taken into account when operating an airline. 4.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bargaining power of buyers Buyers can have significant power, as they are able to push down prices, and negotiate for better quality and service. Buyer power is determined by relative volume of purchase, switching cost, standardization of the product, brand identity, elasticity of demand as well as quality of service (Del Vecchio 2000). Since customers are not very concentrated and generally dont purchase plane tickets in large volumes they do not have a strong bargaining position. A single purchase of an airline ticket does not represent a significant fraction of the amount offered. Switching costs are quite low as consumers have a range of choices when selecting an airline. Due to the Internet, information about prices is also less fragmented and much easier to compare. Quite frequently, a customer can find price differences for the same flight and one seat is generally not any better, since everyone arrives at the destination at the same time. Considering the worldwide recession as well as the psychological effects of September 11, airline companies are under substantial pressure as customers switch to alternative transportation like trains. Vacation travelers also tend to shop around for the best price. Traveling by plane is quite expensive and can make up the largest part of the expense of a family vacation. For that reason, demand is quite elastic for some buyers. As soon as the price drops, the demand increases. However, airlines can move their prices in tandem with other airlines, which forces customers to purchase tickets for the market price until a price war starts (Analysis of Industries 2003). Nevertheless, all in all it can be said that the bargaining power of buyers is relatively low. 4.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threat of substitute products The airline industry is threatened by a number of substitutes. This threat is quite substantial within Europe, where Lufthansas main customer base is located. Many European countries have an excellent railway system with high-speed trains like the ICE in Germany and the TGV in France. These trains can travel up to 300km/h fast and can cover large distances within the countries in just a few hours. Trains can be considered the largest threat as they offer a variety of advantages over flying. From my point of view it seems that flying is much faster, but on a domestic flight in a European country there is not much of a difference in comparison to trains. The reason for that is that it always takes a while to get to the airport, as they are mostly located further away from cities; check-in and security checks usually require being there at least an hour before take-off. After the plane has landed, it usually takes at least another 30 minutes to get out of the plane, claim the baggage an d organise transportation to leave the airport. Railway stations on the other hand can be much more easily accessed than airports, there is no check-in and security check required and the destination railway station is generally in a very central location close to hotels or offices that need to be visited on a business trip. Furthermore, trains offer generally great scenery while travelling and also offer more legroom. Most importantly the prices are generally lower than those of prestigious airlines like Lufthansa. Alternatively, travellers could use their own car, which would be more time consuming, but would have the advantage of increased flexibility and having transportation at the destination location and not having to use public transportation or taxis. Depending on the distance, this substitute can be either more costly or less expensive (Jacob Jaksova 2003). Moreover, short international trips to major European capitals are often done by bus and also by ferry if it is a tr ip to the United Kingdom. From my experience this is the most inexpensive way of travelling throughout Europe. However, there is no real substitute to flying if the desired destination is overseas. The only alternative to planes would be ships and unless the customer is looking for a relaxing trip on the oceans, it will just take too long to reach the destination. Recently there is also a tendency of larger companies towards purchasing corporate jets rather than flying first class. According to Costa et al. (2002) corporate jets might reduce first class traveller by 10% by 2005. 4.5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Competitive rivalry Highly competitive industries are generally less profitable as the cost of competition is high or customers are receiving the benefits of lower prices. Competitive rivalry is affected by industry growth, brand identity, fixed costs, as well as barriers to exit (Wheelen Hunger 2000, p. 63). It can be said that the airline industry is highly competitive and that industry growth is fairly moderate with airlines struggling in taking away market share from each other. The barriers to exit are considered to be very high. Planes that are grounded dont earn any returns and it is quite complicated to dispose of these assets. Due to bankruptcy laws, airlines that are in financial stress can often remain competitors for a long time (Del Vecchio 2000). In Lufthansas home market, the European airline industry has seen some recent changes with the development of low budget airlines that compete with the more mature airlines. Additionally, recent airline crises like September 11 put even more pressure on all competing airlines. This leads to a process of consolidation and the creation of strategic alliances. Airlines within one alliance dont tend to compete directly with each other anymore, which lead to a slight decrease of the pressure (Jacob Jakesova 2003). By utilizing a range of strategies a company can have an effect on the five forces of competition and thus reform the attractiveness of an industry. Historically, various strategies shifted the principles of competition and future events like war or new inventions are likely to reshape the airline industry again. Lufthansas ability to be very cost effective is also of advantage. As part of its strategic change, Lufthansa implemented Program 15, a strategic cost management program. The goals of this program included an improvement of the competitive position through a reduction in cost, internationalisation of cost-structure and making staff conscious of reducing costs in their daily work. This cost management contributed substantially to Lufthansa making profits again in 1999 (Bruch Goshal 2000). Generally it can be said that Lufthansas change management during its crisis was outstanding. Its management was able to identify the signals for the potential problems, showed great strategic leadership through CEO Jà ¼rgen Weber and transformed the organization into a profitable company. This experience in strategic change management is very valuable and will surely help the organization with any challenges in the future (Bruch Sattelberger 2001b). Furthermore, Lufthansas management is very conscious of the need for innovation and customer service. They developed the brand ambassador concept where employees with use of personality and dedication create brand loyalty through day-to-day interactions with the customer (Rubens 2004). They recently also introduced a range of innovations and quality improvements at their passenger airlines and some innovations will be implemented in the near future. A special focus is on the business class on long-haul routes as this segment is the most profitable one. The key feature of Lufthansas new business class is a technically sophisticated seat that converts into a flat bed, which is 2 meters long, the longest bed in this class (Manuelli 2003). Lufthansa is also the first airline in the world that offers broadband Internet access on board its planes (Anonymous 2003). On the ground, they are also improving procedures for their status customers with Lufthansas Priority Service by relying on the Internet, mobile phones and check-in terminals simplify reservations and ticket sales as well as to reduce check-in times. A good example of Lufthansas innovative strength is their new terminal at Munich Airport, which was build to optimise operational procedures. In accordance with the best international standards they reduced the minimum connecting time to 30 minutes (Lufthansa Annual Report 2003). An additional strength of Lufthansa is that it has a policy of operating a young and modern fleet. They recently started a fleet renewal program in 2003 and by 2005 they will replace older aircrafts with ten new Airbus A340-600 jets, as well as ten new Airbus A330-300s. By 2007 the new Airbus A380 super jumbo will go into service that can carry 40% more passengers than the currently largest aircraft. The average age of Lufthansas fleet is just under 9 years, which puts them into a good position in comparison to airline world average of almost 15 years (Lufthansa Annual Report 2003). Another strength, which gives Lufthansa a comparative advantage, is the use of a premium executive jet service on North Atlantic routes like Dà ¼sseldorf-Newark and Munich-Newark. This involves flights in Boeing and Airbus aircrafts that were remodelled so they fit 48 business class seats only and no economy class. Lufthansa introduced this service, because they identified that these routes were in high demand for business class travellers (Ghazvinian Fragala 2002). Lufthansa also offers a very good website that has a lot of features the customers can utilize. Online bookings have more than doubled in 2003. Lufthansa are also constantly expanding their destinations, which can be reached with etix, the companys electronic tickets that offer convenient paperless travel. The number of passengers that use etix is gradually increasing as it can be used to fly to 70 per cent of Lufthansa destinations (Lufthansa Annual Report 2003). Lufthansas Miles More customer loyalty program is also a great tool to encourage customers to fly Lufthansa again. The program has grown in popularity since it was introduced ten years ago and developed into the leading frequent flyer program in Europe (Miles More). Furthermore, Lufthansa is one of the founding members of the Star Alliance, the worlds leading airline alliance. The alliance was voted Alliance of the Year in 2003 on three different occasions (Lufthansa Annual Report 2003). The Lufthansa group consists of seven independent subsidiaries. Lufthansa centrally coordinates their strategy development process. A principal element of the Lufthansa group is clear customer-supplier-relationships between the seven companies. However, the relationships between the individual companies are a weakness, as they dont function as planned. Lufthansa has not reached the required relationships for a market-based internal coordination. So far, the internal customers dont act as normal customers yet since the demand conditions, which they would never demand with other external business partners (Bruch Ghoshal 2000). Another weakness is that the openness for change has almost vanished since Lufthansas amazing turnaround was achieved. During the turnaround, changes were implemented very quickly, but today it takes a very long time for small innovations to take place. Lufthansa also admits not to be perfect in the areas of punctuality, luggage safety, waiting periods, technical reliability and telephone availability, but is in the process of improving this situation (Bruch Ghoshal 2000). Another weakness could be that Lufthansa does not do anything about their low-budget competitors in the European market. Lufthansas management claims that they would not start a low-fare airline under its name, as it would cannibalize its own traffic and damage its brands (Anonymous 2002). 5.0 Economic strategy of Lufthansa According to Hitt (2003, p. 122), a Economic strategy is an integrated and coordinated set of commitments and actions the firm uses to gain a competitive advantage by exploiting core competencies in specific product markets. The literature suggests that there are a number of different business-level strategies. However, I believe that in the case of Lufthansa an integrated cost leadership/differentiation strategy is used. The reason for this is that Lufthansa operates globally and therefore it is vital for them to implement cost leadership strategies as well as differentiation strategies in order to develop competitive advantages. Lufthansas Program 15 serves as a good example of a cost leadership strategy. After Lufthansa had undergone privatization they implemented this extensive strategic costs management program with the goal of reducing overall unit cost by 20% within five years (Bruch Sattelberger 2001a). In terms of a differentiation strategy, Lufthansa constantly tries to come up with a range of innovative ideas to stay ahead of the competition. A list of these ideas could be seen in the strengths section of my SWOT analysis of Lufthansa. It can be concluded that Lufthansa has made the right decision to implement an integrated cost leadership/differentiation strategy, since the literature also suggests that there is a relationship between the successful use of this strategy and above-average returns (Hitt 2003, p. 135). 5.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corporate-level strategy of Lufthansa According to Hitt, a corporate level strategy involves specific actions by a company to gain a competitive advantage by having a group of different businesses competing in several industries (2003, p. 183). In the case of Lufthansa, the organisation consists of seven economically independent subsidiaries that include LH Passenger Service, LH Cargo AG, LH Skychef, LH Ground Services, LH Technical Services, Thomas Cook Travel Agency and LH IT services. The individual Lufthansa companies are quite successful. LH Technical services, LH Skychef and LH Ground Services are number one in their market (Bruch Ghoshal 2000). Product diversification, a primary corporate-level strategy deals with the scope of the industries and markets in which the company competes in addition to how managers buy, establish and sell different businesses to equal skills and strengths. In regards to Lufthansa, the organisation uses a related diversification corporate-level strategy which means that Lufthansa generates more than 30% of its sales revenue outside a dominated business and its businesses are related to each other since Lufthansa centrally coordinates their strategy development process. Lufthansas motives for such a corporate level strategy are likely to be issues such as taking advantage of economies of scope, sharing activities, transfer of core competencies, and an increase in market power as well as blocking competitors through multipoint competition (Hitt 2003, p. 187). 5.2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategic Alliances While concentrating on internal costs and structural redevelopment, Lufthansa also worked on its external relationships by implementing the strategy: growth through partnerships (Bruch Sattelberger 2001b). While in other industries globalization triggered a wave of mergers of companies that operate internationally; airlines had to look for alternatives because national ownership regulations do not allow cross-border mergers. No airline worldwide has the capacity infrastructure to offer a suitable network by itself. Only through cooperating and alliances can the industry cater for the mobility requirements of the world economy. Therefore, founding the Star Alliance was a logical consequence and Lufthansa was one of the key-founding members of the first airline network in the world (Global Network Five years of Star Alliance). The purpose of the Star Alliance is to realize higher revenues and decrease costs by exploiting synergy effects. The synergies range from shared use of ground facilities like check-in-counters, a city office in Paris and also airport terminals. At the airports in Frankfurt, Copenhagen, Shanghai and Beijing the Star Alliance has its own check-in area with staff member of partner airlines. In addition the first Star Alliance Lounge went into service 2001 at Zà ¼rich airport. Other advantages include common frequent flyer programs, joint travel agency contracts collective market research and joint purchasing of materials and equipment (Economic effects for the airlines). Alliance members can also use code sharing a system by which two or more airlines agree to use the same flight number for a flight in order to attract more business by means of extending their networks through partner airlines (Collis 1998). Besides cost-saving synergies, the combined networks of Star Alliance members also offer many customer benefits. In comparison with other industry alliances, the Star Alliance is the recognized market leader (see Appendix 2). For 82 % of all offered flight connections, the Star Alliance is the fastest network. Every four seconds an aircraft of the Star Alliance starts or lands somewhere in the world and it possible to fly once round the world in 36 hours with Star Alliance airlines. Other fundamentals of its brand value include the presence of its members in important home markets and large international hubs, a high degree of customer recognition, excellent service and good cooperation between the frequent-flyer programs of the individual airlines. Furthermore each airline has its individual strengths with a strong market position in its home bases and regional hubs like Lufthansa in Germany. Due to the good cooperation, a whole network of these hubs was established and regional str engths complement each other (see Appendix 3). Additionally, most members also have regional alliances with smaller airlines, which improve the Star Alliance network even further (Global Network Five years of Star Alliance). Research has also shown that alliances result in lower ticket prices and more flight connections. It is suggested that there is a price advantage of an average 6% in comparison with conventional tariffs. In terms of the Star Alliance this leads to estimated passenger savings of between 50 and 82 million dollars per year. Additionally due to the sharing of terminals service counters of the airlines are more easily seen and found and walking distances are decreased. Having counters in the same area at airports also creates a single contact point and improves changes and baggage loading. Staff members of partner airlines can also help and advise customers with enquiries on behalf of the entire alliance. For the alliance to work properly certain level of quality needs to be ensured. This is achieved through frequent mutual quality checks. Jointly agreed quality standards in the areas of security, services and environmental protection are checked on a regular basis (Global Network Five years of Star Alliance). 5.3 Strategic Leadership and German Culture Strategic leadership, which is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility and empower others to create strategic change as necessary (Hitt 2003, p. 386) was extremely important in Lufthansas turnaround. The main responsibility for effective strategic leadership generally rests at the top, especially with the CEO, but also with other recognized strategic leaders like members of the board of directors and the top management team. In the case of Lufthansa, the formulation and implementation of strategies was also in the hands of the top-level management, in particular Dr. Jà ¼rgen Weber, who was Lufthansas CEO at the time. In 1992 Jà ¼rgen Weber realized the full extent of Lufthansas problems and called for a crisis management meeting with 20 carefully selected senior managers. The outcome of this meeting was Program 93, 131 key actions aimed at drastically cutting about 8,000 jobs, lowering non-personnel costs, reducing the aircraft fleet as well as increasing revenues by DM 700 million to reduce the losses of DM 1.3 billion. The Executive Board then appointed a number of different teams that had the task to achieve the implementation of these 131 projects. Line management was responsible for the implementation of the staff cuts. It was seen as important for the success of Program 93 that line managers took that responsibility to realize the unavoidable cuts, on the one hand, but also to motivate the remaining employees, on the other hand. Jà ¼rgen Weber also created the OPS team (Operations Team) as a forceful engine in the process of implementing the 131 actions. They constantly monitored, created activities, advised and supported the line managers who were ultimately responsible for the implementation process. Weber showed his total support for the OPS team and personally supported them in many ways. He also implemented visible actions like a 10% reduction of the salaries of all Executive board members (Bruch Ghoshal 2000). Furthermore, to convey and spread these actions, Lufthansa implemented Town Meetings, which were initially an idea by General Electric. A typical agenda of a Town Meeting would mainly involve a talk with the particular Lufthansa units management about problems a

Report on wide screen displays

A widescreen image is a movie, computing machine, or telecasting image with a width-to-height facet ratio greater than the standard 1.37:1 Academy facet ratio provided by 35mm movie. Screen Aspect Ratio is fundamentally a step of the horizontal length of a telecasting ( or movie ) screen, in relation to its perpendicular tallness. In other words, a traditional telecasting has a Screen Aspect Ratio of 4Ãâ€"3. This means that a traditional telecasting has a screen that is four units long for every three units in tallness. Converting these units into inches would ensue in measurings of 4-inches by 3-inches or 8-inches by 6-inches, and on-and-on. By the same item, on widescreen telecasting ( such as today ‘s HDTVs ) , the Screen Aspect Ratio is 16 units long for every 9 units in tallness, or 16-inches by 9-inches, 32-inches by 18-inches, etc†¦ A 16Ãâ€"9 screen aspect ratio therefore consequences in a wider image show that a 4Ãâ€"3 facet ratio. This wider image show allows both films originally filmed in widescreen and new, widescreen telecasting scheduling, to be displayed more accurately.Latest development in widescreen show:Widescreen LCD shows:BARCO ‘s LC series of High-Resolution LCD shows has been specifically designed for usage in a broad assortment of professional applications. The LC household nowadayss chip, clear and color-accurate images on 42 † , 47 † and 56 † screen sizes. Dedicated versions with HD-SDI inputs are available. Having some of the most advanced LCD engineering available today, BARCO ‘s LC series stands for the ultimate in item. The LC series consists of a 42 † and 47 † show in native full high definition ( 1920Ãâ€"1080 pels ) and a 56 † show in quad full high definition ( 3840Ãâ€"2160 pels ) .Benefits:High brightness High contrast, even in high ambient visible radiation environments High declaration and pel denseness Frame lock and firing mechanism functionality Low power ingestion Long life-timeExamples:56 † quad full High Definition LCD show LC-5621 42 † native High Definition LCD show LCN-42 47 † native High Definition LCD show LCN-47 42 † native High Definition LCD show with extra HD-SDI inputs LCS-42 47 † native High Definition LCD show with extra HD-SDI inputs LCS-47Technology used in broad screen show merchandise:Plasma screen engineeringLED engineeringCRT ( cathode beam tubing )Liquid crystal displayPlasma screen engineering:Flat panel plasma show is the latest show engineering and the best manner to accomplish shows with first-class image quality and big, level screen sizes that are easy viewable in any environment. Plasma panels are an array of cells, known as pels, which are composed of three bomber pels, matching to the colourss red, green, and blue. Gas in the plasma province is used to respond with phosphors in each bomber pel to bring forth coloured visible radiation ( ruddy, green, or blue ) . These phosphors are the same types used in cathode beam tubing ( CRT ) devices such as telecastings and standard computing machine proctors. You get the rich dynamic colourss that you expect. Each bomber pel is separately controlled by advanced electronics to bring forth over 16 million different colourss. All of this means that you get per fect images that are easy viewable in a show that is less than six inches thick.LED engineering:There are many consumer advantages to LEDs over incandescent or fluorescent visible radiation bulbs. LED lights consume much less energy. They are 300 per centum more efficient than a compact fluorescent visible radiation ( CFL ) , and 1,000 per centum more efficient than an candent bulb. They have a really long life, about 50,000 hours of usage at 70 per centum of their original power. ( LEDs do n't fire out or spark, they merely melt. ) This works out to eight hours a twenty-four hours for 13 old ages at 70 per centum power. A typical 60-watt incandescent bulb may last about 1,000 hours. LED lighting contains no quicksilver or other toxins. LEDs emit no extremist violet ( UV ) visible radiation, so they do n't pull bugs. They do n't bring forth heat, so they are cool to the touch. They do n't bring forth wireless frequence moving ridges, so they do n't interfere with wirelesss or telecasting broadcasts. They besides are immune to quivers and dazes.CRT ( cathode beam tubing ) :The Cathode Ray Tube ( CRT ) is a vacuity tubing incorporating an negatron gun ( a beginning of negatrons ) and a fluorescent screen, with internal or external agencies to speed up and debar the negatron beam, used to make images in the signifier of light emitted from the fluorescent screen. The image may stand for electrical wave forms ( CRO ) , images ( telecasting, computing machine proctor ) , radar marks and others. The CRT uses an evacuated glass envelope which is big, deep, heavy, and comparatively delicate.LCD ( Liquid-crystal show ) :Liquid-crystal show telecastings ( LCD Television ) a re telecasting sets that use LCD engineering to bring forth images. LCD telecastings are thinner and lighter than CRTs of similar show size, and are available in much larger sizes. This combination of characteristics made LCDs more practical than CRTs for many functions, and as fabrication costs fell, their eventual laterality of the telecasting market was all but guaranteed. In 2007, LCD telecastings surpassed gross revenues of CRT-based telecastings worldwide for the first clip, and their gross revenues figures relative to other engineerings are speed uping. LCD TVs are rapidly displacing the lone major rivals in the large-screen market, the plasma show panel and rear-projection telecasting. Liquid crystal displaies are, by far, the most widely produced and sold telecasting engineering today, forcing all other engineerings into niche functions.Benefits of the WidescreenWhen used for amusement, a widescreen show is in its component when demoing widescreen DVD films in their intended 16:9 facet ratio. This means a bigger image more comfort and less otiose infinite ( less or no black bands on either side of the image ) . The widescreen show besides makes it easier to redact and see bird's-eye images and may extinguish troublesome horizontal scrolling wholly. Another benefit of the widescreen show is apparent when it comes to serious work – the ability to expose two Windowss side by side and to drag and drop ( or copy Ns ‘ paste ) information without holding to exchange between them is invaluable.